Internal combustion engine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (typically air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber (or "cylinder"). This exothermic reaction creates gases at high temperature and pressure, which are permitted to expand. Internal combustion engines are defined by the useful work that is performed by the expanding hot gases acting directly to cause the movement of solid parts of the engine, by acting on pistons, rotors, or even by pressing on and moving the entire engine itself.[1][2][3][4]
The term Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is often used to refer to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as a reciprocating piston engine or a Wankel engine. However, continuous combustion engines such as jet engines, most rockets, and many gas turbines are also classified as types of internal combustion engines.[1][2][3][4] This contrasts with external combustion engines such as steam engines and Stirling engines that use a separate combustion chamber to heat a separate working fluid—which then in turn does work. For example, by moving a piston or a turbine.
A huge number of different designs of internal combustion engines exist, each with different strengths and weaknesses, and they are used for many different purposes. Internal combustion engines particularly see use in mobile applications such as cars, aircraft and even handheld applications, all where their ability to deliver a high power to weight ratio and use an energy-dense fuel, especially fossil fuels, is particularly important.
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